Come prima cosa, un pensiero alle vittime e le loro famiglie... RIP
Per quanto riguarda la certificazione del numero massimo di persone a bordo, oltre al limite di 90 secondi per l’evacuazione la normativa (per EASA la CS 25) stabilisce anche i tipi di porta e quante persone possono uscire da ogni tipologia di porta.
Per esempio, l’overwing del 737 (Type III) prevede 35 pax. Ci sono alcune limitazioni per evitare strane/pericolose soluzioni (come per esempio usare molte uscite Type III, vedi punto 7 di seguito).
Se non mi sbaglio, le porte 1 e 4 del 767 sono Type A, e la normativa prevede 110 pax in questo caso.
Ovviamente, la distribuzione delle porte dev’essere uniforme e prendere in considerazione la distribuzione dei sedili nella cabina.
Inoltre, possono esserci delle “exemption” concesse dall’Autorità in fase di certificazione dell’aereo per cambiare questi valori.
Alcuni punti della CS 25:
https://www.easa.europa.eu/document-library/certification-specifications/cs-25-amendment-22
CS 25.807 (g)
Type and number required. The maximum number of passenger seats permitted depends on the type and number of exits installed on each side of the fuselage.
Except as further restricted in subparagraphs (g)(1) through (g)(9) of this paragraph, the maximum number of passenger seats permitted for each exit of a specific type installed on each side of the fuselage is as follows:
Type A: 110
Type B: 75
Type C: 55
Type I: 45
Type II: 40
Type III: 35
Type IV: 9
(5) For a passenger seating configuration of 41 to 110 seats, there must be at least two exits, one of which must be a Type I or larger exit, on each side of the fuselage.
(6) For a passenger seating configuration of more than 110 seats, the emergency exits on each side of the fuselage must include at least two Type I or larger exits.
(7) The combined maximum number of passenger seats permitted for all Type III exits is 70, and the combined maximum number of passenger seats permitted for two Type III exits on each side of the fuselage that are separated by fewer than three passenger seat rows is 65.
Alcuni dei tipi di porta:
Type I. This type is a floor level exit with a rectangular opening of not less than 61 cm (24 inches) wide by 1,22 m (48 inches) high, with corner radii not greater than 20,3 cm (8 inches).
Type III. This type is a rectangular opening of not less than 51 cm (20 inches) wide by 91,4 cm (36 inches) high, with corner radii not greater than 17,8 cm (7 inches), and with a step-up inside the aeroplane of not more than 51 cm (20 inches). If the exit is located over the wing, the step-down outside the aeroplane may not exceed 69 cm (27 inches).
Type A. This type is a floor-level exit with a rectangular opening of not less than 1,07 m (42 inches) wide by 1,83 m (72 inches) high, with corner radii not greater than 17,8 cm (7 inches).
